Personalized organs-on-a-chip or microphysiology models, organoids and 3D printed tissues suggests already that 3D organ models more accurately represent human biology in health and disease compared to traditional 2D cell cultures and many animal models. However, many of these models, even when connected by a vasculature are still not able to represent the whole organism. Yet, it is very essential for the widespread acceptance and effective implementation of these alternative methods in translational biomedical research to demonstrate their reliability and robustness, their potential for automation, their scalability and their application for many different patients.